Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland, a purely male organ.
Bacterial prostatitis differs from other forms in that it develops as a result of exposure to microorganisms (bacteria). Bacterial prostatitis can be acute or chronic.
Prevalence of bacterial prostatitis among all prostatitis:
- acute prostatitis - 5-10%;
- chronic prostatitis - 6-10%.
Causes of Bacterial Prostatitis
Often, this pathology is caused by microorganisms such as:
- intestine and Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
- enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus;
- Proteus;
- klebsiela;
- enterobacter;
- compatible.
Most of these microorganisms are part of the body’s normal microflora. If the protective properties of the body are reduced, then these bacteria can cause prostatitis.
Other microorganisms that cause bacterial prostatitis include fungi, chlamydia, Trichomonas and ureaplasmas.
Factors that contribute to the development of prostatitis:
- hypothermia;
- irregular sex life, sexual abstinence;
- decreased immunity;
- hormonal diseases, accompanied by a lack of male sex hormones in the body;
- circulatory disorders (blood stasis) in the pelvic organs;
- venereal disease.
The development of chronic bacterial prostatitis is also facilitated by:
- systematic emptying of the bladder prematurely;
- bad habits (alcohol abuse, smoking);
- concomitant diseases of the urinary system (e. g. , pyelonephritis);
- sedentary lifestyle.
Symptoms of bacterial prostatitis
Acute prostatitis is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- general intoxication (weakness, chills, fever);
- pain in the groin and perineum;
- frequent and painful urination, especially at night;
- urination may be difficult, in rare cases, acute urinary retention may develop;
- sometimes a purulent whitish or colorless discharge appears from the urethra.
Chronic bacterial prostatitis is asymptomatic or with a clinical picture that is erased during remission. When the disease worsens, then the symptoms are similar to acute bacterial prostatitis. In chronic bacterial prostatitis, erectile dysfunction can develop.
Diagnosis of bacterial prostatitis
The diagnosis of acute bacterial prostatitis is made in the presence of the following:
- feature complaints described above;
- during digital rectal examination, the prostate gland is swollen and painful;
- in general blood tests, an increase in the number of leukocytes and an acceleration of ESR were observed;
- in the general analysis of urine, a large number of leukocytes can be detected;
- also confirmed prostate ultrasound diagnosis data.
In chronic bacterial prostatitis, there are usually no complaints during the remission period.
To confirm chronic bacterial prostatitis, the presence of bacteria and white blood cells in prostate gland tissue was determined. To do this, make a smear of the secretions of the prostate gland, which is then examined under a microscope. With bacterial prostatitis, an increase in the number of leukocytes will be observed in the smear.
Urine or prostate secretions are also inoculated on nutrient medium to determine bacterial growth and sensitivity to antibiotics.
Another method for determining chronic prostatitis is to determine prostate -specific antigen (PSA) titers.
Complications of bacterial prostatitis
The most common complication of acute bacterial prostatitis is the transition to a chronic form. This is facilitated by late start of treatment, disruption of the course of treatment, irregular medication intake.
Also, bacterial prostatitis can be complicated by a prostate abscess or the appearance of a fistula.
Prevention of bacterial prostatitis
In chronic bacterial prostatitis, the main task is to prevent disease progression or reduce the number of relapses. This can be achieved by adhering to the following principles:
- Bladder overflow should be avoided.
- Dress according to the weather so you are not cold.
- Sexual life should be orderly, while both prolonged abstinence and excessive sexual activity are dangerous. Prolonged or interrupted sexual intercourse can also worsen chronic prostatitis.
- In the case of casual sexual intercourse, it is necessary to protect yourself from being infected with sexually transmitted diseases.
- Refuse to abuse alcohol and spicy foods.
- Do not wear tight clothing (especially underwear).
Treatment of bacterial prostatitis
The main drug used in the treatment of bacterial prostatitis is broad -spectrum antibiotics. The duration of taking antibiotics is 2-8 weeks, depending on the clinical picture of the disease, the presence of concomitant diseases.
In chronic bacterial prostatitis, anti-inflammatory drugs are also prescribed.
For speedy recovery, as well as to enhance the therapeutic effect in chronic prostatitis, prostate massage is prescribed. This procedure helps clean hard -to -reach areas of the prostate of microorganisms. But in this area the bacteria stagnate and multiply, which leads to the development of chronic bacterial prostatitis.